Science in Revolution and Enlightenment

Copernicus, Galileo, Descartes, Newton and many more considered themselves the "moderns" and thought the "old rubbish must be thrown away". The rubbish they were referring to external authority of divinely revealed scripture or ancient philosophers ancient observations. This scientific revolution took place between the mid-sixteenth and early eighteenth century. They agreed that it was time for a more "magnificent philosophy". This new way of thinking began to question the authority and teachings of the church. it also altered ideas about the place of humankind within the cosmos. Science began to distinguish racial and and gender inequalities. People of color were categorized and women naturally became inferior. By the 20th century, science became the biggest symbol of global modernity. Science became so popular because of Islam in Europe. Arab scholars achieved mathematics, astronomy, optics and medicine. China's Confucianism was also less concentrated in religion and more sophisticated and secular. This did not compare to the intellectual breakthrough in Europe. By the 12th and 13th centuries. They developed towns, churches, guilds universities and more. This drastic change was built upon the idea of a "corporation" or a group of people that was treated as a unit. Europe was different than the islamic world because the Roman Catholic Church gained some measure of autonomy from secular authorities. I wonder if the transition of the different ways of thinking was easily  taken upon the people of this time. Although it does not seem like a huge deal to us today, It was back then to them. AS I was reading along the list of "Major Thinkers", I came across the name of Francis Bacon. I think we are studying about him in Art HIstory and he was a famous artist as well emphasizing the key to modern science is observation and experimentation. Enlightenment was directed towards thinking against superstition  ignorance and corruption of religions.
What made enlightenment and what made it revolutionary was the idea of progress. I enjoyed reading about Charles Darwin because he is mentioned so much in history, his theories and ideas never seem to get old. We are the work of evolution operating through natural selection. This, in my perspective tells me that just how certain animals and species have become extinct, we will too and we do not know when, but it will naturally happen. Toward the end we talk about borrowing and the complexities that come along with it. Islam was borrowed by Africans and many Asians. europeans borrowed scientific ideas form the Islam world. to ease tensions, some people tried to point out similarities while cultural borrowing occurred. Christianity and Confucianism were much alike so the people who practiced these religions set aside their differenced. Also, churches in Mexico associated Catholicism less with the Spanish than the pre-Aztec communities and beliefs that were now in their rightful position. It is interesting to see how different cultures and countries came to borrow each others different practices and teachings. This still happens in the world today and will probably forever continue since technology is far more advanced and we pick up different things like fashion, religion and beliefs from other places in our world today.